Glossary - R

RAM

Random access memory, measured in megabytes. The higher the number, the more space available for storing data.

Rasterization

The process of converting mathematical and digital information (vector commands) into a series of dots.

Ranged left/right

Successive lines of type which are of unequal length and which are aligned at either the right or left hand column.

Raster Image Processor (RIP)

The hardware engine which calculates the bit-mapped image of text and graphics from a series of instructions. It may, or may not, understand a page description language but the end result should, if the device has been properly designed, be the same. Typical RIPs which aren't PDL-based include the Tall Trees JLaser, the LaserMaster and AST's TurboLaser controller. A basic page printer comes with a controller and not a RIP which goes some way to explaining the lack of control.

Ream

500 sheets of paper.

Reflective densitometer

Instrument used to measure the density on paper.

Register marks

Used in colour printing to position the paper correctly. Usually crosses or circles.

Resolution

The measurement used in typesetting to express quality of output. Measured in dots per inch, the greater the number of dots, the more smoother and cleaner appearance the character/image will have. Currently Page (laser) Printers print at 300, 406 and 600dpi. Typesetting machines print at 1,200 dpi or more.

Rest in proportion (RIP)

An instruction when giving sizes to artwork or photographs that other parts of the artwork are to be enlarged or reduced in proportion.

Reverse out

To reproduce as a white image out of a solid background.

RGB

Stands for the colours Red-Green-Blue. In web design and design for computer monitors, colours are defined in terms of a combination of these three colours. In contrast, print designers typically define colours using CMYK.

Rosette

The pattern created when all four colour halftone screens are placed at the traditional angles.

Royalty-Free Photos or Images

Photos, graphic images, or other intellectual property that are sold for a single standard fee and may be used repeatedly by the purchaser.

Running head

A line of type at the top of a page which repeats a heading.